{"id":2796,"date":"2024-10-30T14:58:26","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T07:58:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/?p=2796"},"modified":"2024-10-30T15:08:35","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T08:08:35","slug":"lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/","title":{"rendered":"l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a OOP (P1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2796\" class=\"elementor elementor-2796\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5645f7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5645f7a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a6e4da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a6e4da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\"><div><div class=\"pt-0\"><div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full\"><div class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-la-gi-mot-so-dac-diem-cua-lap-trinh-ma-ban-nen-biet\/\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOP &#8211; Object-Oriented Programming) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8221; (objects). Trong OOP, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (properties) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi (methods) ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, gi\u00fap m\u00e3 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fa747c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fa747c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Danh m\u1ee5c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/#Cac_dac_trung_quan_trong_cua_OOP\" >C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a OOP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/#Tinh_dong_goi_Encapsulation\" >T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/#Tinh_ke_thua_Inheritance\" >T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/#Tinh_da_hinh_Polymorphism\" >T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh (Polymorphism)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/#Tinh_truu_tuong_Abstraction\" >T\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Abstraction)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi-mot-so-dac-trung-cua-oop\/#Ket_Luan\" >K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_dac_trung_quan_trong_cua_OOP\"><\/span>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a OOP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a008 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5a008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>OOP c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, \u0111a h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d86f3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d86f3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_dong_goi_Encapsulation\"><\/span>T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-136019d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"136019d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/tinh-dong-goi-trong-OOP-2-1024x671-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2799\" alt=\"T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/tinh-dong-goi-trong-OOP-2-1024x671-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/tinh-dong-goi-trong-OOP-2-1024x671-1-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/tinh-dong-goi-trong-OOP-2-1024x671-1-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/tinh-dong-goi-trong-OOP-2-1024x671-1-870x570.jpg 870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7975801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7975801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (h\u00e0nh vi) v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/li><li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 d\u01b0, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 <code>n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n<\/code> hay <code>r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n<\/code> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 n\u00e0y.<\/li><li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong>: T\u0103ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecc6bc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ecc6bc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_ke_thua_Inheritance\"><\/span>T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5269199 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5269199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/4-tinh-chat-opp-java-rikkei-academy_2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2800\" alt=\"T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/4-tinh-chat-opp-java-rikkei-academy_2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/4-tinh-chat-opp-java-rikkei-academy_2-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/4-tinh-chat-opp-java-rikkei-academy_2-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8002269 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8002269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con (subclass) th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp cha (superclass). L\u1edbp con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c ghi \u0111\u00e8 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha.<\/li><li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp <code>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/code> c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>di chuy\u1ec3n<\/code>. L\u1edbp con <code>Ch\u00f3<\/code> k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb <code>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/code> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>s\u1ee7a<\/code>, trong khi l\u1edbp <code>Chim<\/code> c\u0169ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb <code>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/code> nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>bay<\/code>.<\/li><li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong>: T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3, gi\u1ea3m tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p m\u00e3, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13039fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13039fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_da_hinh_Polymorphism\"><\/span>T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh (Polymorphism)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6809f61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6809f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/du-an\/\">giao di\u1ec7n<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/interface-trong-java-la-gi-huong-dan-chi-tiet-cho-nguoi-moi-bat-dau-2024\/\">interface<\/a>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li><li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp <code>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/code>. Khi g\u1ecdi <code>l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/code> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp <code>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi khi g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp <code>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/code>.<\/li><li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong>: Linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f88a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f88a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_truu_tuong_Abstraction\"><\/span>T\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Abstraction)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff587fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff587fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li><li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp <code>H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <code>t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/code>, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp con nh\u01b0 <code>H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/code> s\u1ebd c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh.<\/li><li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e3.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3615fe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3615fe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_Luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c862b6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c862b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"c5e97a16-8860-40f2-99bd-6da650c67c8b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\"><p>OOP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3. B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a OOP (t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, \u0111a h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/4-cau-truc-du-lieu-va-giai-thuat-la-gi\/\">c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5855027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5855027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o video <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/th%C3%A2ntri%E1%BB%87u\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">(Th\u00e2n tri\u1ec7u)\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOP &#8211; Object-Oriented Programming) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8221; (objects). Trong OOP, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (properties) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi (methods) ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/f6132f_opp-nedir.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2796"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2807,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796\/revisions\/2807"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fstack.io.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}